CPU
- CPU Configuration for MediaWiki Servers
This article details the crucial role of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a MediaWiki server environment. Understanding CPU requirements and configuration is vital for ensuring optimal performance, especially as your wiki grows in size and traffic. This guide is aimed at newcomers to server administration and assumes a basic understanding of server concepts.
Understanding the CPU's Role in MediaWiki
The CPU is the "brain" of your MediaWiki server. It handles all the processing tasks necessary for the wiki to function, including parsing wiki text, executing PHP code, querying the Database (typically MySQL or PostgreSQL), and serving web pages. A slow or underpowered CPU will directly translate to slow page load times, slow searches, and an overall poor user experience.
MediaWiki is predominantly a PHP-based application, meaning the CPU spends a significant amount of time executing PHP instructions. Therefore, single-core performance is important, but modern MediaWiki installations benefit greatly from multi-core processors, as they can handle multiple requests concurrently. Consider the interaction with Caching mechanisms like Memcached which also rely heavily on CPU processing.
CPU Specifications and Recommendations
The ideal CPU for your MediaWiki server depends heavily on several factors:
- **Wiki Size:** A small wiki with limited content and few users will have significantly lower CPU demands than a large, active wiki like Wikimedia Commons.
- **Traffic Volume:** The number of concurrent users accessing the wiki directly impacts CPU load.
- **Extensions:** Using numerous or computationally expensive Extensions will increase CPU usage.
- **Database Size & Complexity:** Larger and more complex databases require more CPU power for querying.
Here's a general guideline, presented as a table:
| Wiki Size/Traffic | Minimum CPU | Recommended CPU | Optimal CPU |
|---|---|---|---|
| Small Wiki (under 100,000 pages, low traffic) | 2 Core / 2 Threads, 2.0 GHz | 4 Core / 4 Threads, 2.5 GHz | 6 Core / 12 Threads, 3.0 GHz |
| Medium Wiki (100,000 - 1,000,000 pages, moderate traffic) | 4 Core / 4 Threads, 2.5 GHz | 8 Core / 16 Threads, 3.0 GHz | 12 Core / 24 Threads, 3.5 GHz |
| Large Wiki (over 1,000,000 pages, high traffic) | 8 Core / 16 Threads, 3.0 GHz | 16 Core / 32 Threads, 3.5 GHz | 24+ Core / 48+ Threads, 4.0 GHz+ |
- Important Note:** These are general guidelines. Always monitor your server's CPU usage using tools like `top` (Linux) or Task Manager (Windows) to identify bottlenecks. Performance Monitoring is key!
CPU Architecture and Features
Beyond core count and clock speed, several CPU architectural features influence MediaWiki performance:
- **Cache Size:** Larger CPU caches (L1, L2, L3) can significantly reduce memory access latency, improving performance.
- **Instruction Set Architecture (ISA):** Modern ISAs like AMD64/x86-64 (most common) provide performance benefits.
- **Clock Speed:** A higher clock speed generally means faster processing, but it's not the only factor.
- **Threads per Core (Hyper-Threading/SMT):** Allows a single physical core to handle multiple threads concurrently. While not as good as a true physical core, it can provide a performance boost.
Here's a comparison of some common CPU families and their relevance to MediaWiki:
| CPU Family | Typical Use Cases for MediaWiki | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intel Xeon | Medium to Large Wikis, Dedicated Servers | Excellent reliability, good performance, often supports ECC memory. | Generally more expensive than consumer CPUs. |
| AMD EPYC | Large Wikis, High Traffic, Virtualization | High core counts, competitive performance, good value for money. | Can be less widely supported by some hosting providers. |
| Intel Core i5/i7/i9 | Small to Medium Wikis, Development/Testing | Good performance for the price, readily available. | May lack features like ECC memory support. |
| AMD Ryzen 5/7/9 | Small to Medium Wikis, Development/Testing | Excellent performance for the price, high core counts in some models. | May lack features like ECC memory support. |
CPU Configuration and Optimization
Once you've selected a CPU, proper configuration is crucial.
- **BIOS Settings:** Ensure that the CPU is running at its advertised clock speed and that features like Hyper-Threading/SMT are enabled if supported.
- **Operating System:** Choose a 64-bit operating system (e.g., Linux distributions like Ubuntu Server or CentOS, Windows Server) to fully utilize the CPU's capabilities.
- **PHP Configuration:** The PHP configuration file (`php.ini`) can be optimized for CPU usage. Consider adjusting settings like `memory_limit` and `max_execution_time` based on your wiki's needs. Using a PHP accelerator like OPcache is *highly* recommended, as it caches compiled PHP code, reducing CPU load.
- **Virtualization:** If using a Virtual Machine, ensure sufficient CPU cores are allocated to the VM. Over-allocation can lead to performance degradation.
Here's a table summarizing key PHP settings to consider:
| PHP Setting | Description | Recommended Value (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| memory_limit | Maximum amount of memory a script may consume. | 256M - 1G (adjust based on wiki size and complexity) |
| max_execution_time | Maximum time a script is allowed to run. | 30 - 60 seconds |
| opcache.enable | Enables the OPcache extension. | 1 (enabled) |
| opcache.memory_consumption | Amount of memory allocated to OPcache. | 128M - 256M |
Monitoring CPU Usage
Regularly monitoring CPU usage is essential for identifying performance bottlenecks and planning upgrades. Use tools like:
- `top` (Linux)
- Task Manager (Windows)
- Server Monitoring Tools (e.g., Nagios, Zabbix)
Look for consistently high CPU utilization (above 80-90%) as an indicator that your CPU may be overloaded. Investigate the processes consuming the most CPU resources to determine the cause (e.g., PHP processes, database queries). Further Troubleshooting may be required.
Intel-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Core i7-6700K/7700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB | CPU Benchmark: 8046 |
| Core i7-8700 Server | 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 13124 |
| Core i9-9900K Server | 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB | CPU Benchmark: 49969 |
| Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) | 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD | |
| Core i5-13500 Workstation | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000 |
AMD-Based Server Configurations
| Configuration | Specifications | Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Ryzen 5 3600 Server | 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 17849 |
| Ryzen 7 7700 Server | 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 35224 |
| Ryzen 9 5950X Server | 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 46045 |
| Ryzen 9 7950X Server | 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 63561 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) | 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) | 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) | 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe | CPU Benchmark: 48021 |
| EPYC 9454P Server | 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe |
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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️