MySQL

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  1. MySQL Server Configuration for MediaWiki 1.40

This article details the necessary MySQL server configuration for optimal performance of a MediaWiki 1.40 installation. Proper configuration is crucial for handling the read and write load generated by a wiki, especially as it grows in size and user base. This guide assumes you have a working MySQL server installation.

Prerequisites

Before beginning, ensure you have:

  • A running MySQL server (version 5.7 or 8.0 is recommended). See MySQL Website for installation instructions.
  • Root access to the MySQL server, or a user with sufficient privileges to create databases and grant permissions.
  • Familiarity with basic SQL commands. Refer to SQL Tutorial for an introduction.
  • A basic understanding of Server Administration concepts.

Database Creation

First, create a dedicated database for your MediaWiki installation. This isolates MediaWiki’s data from other applications on the server.

```sql CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS wikidb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; ```

Next, create a dedicated MySQL user for MediaWiki with appropriate permissions. *Never* use the root user for MediaWiki.

```sql CREATE USER 'wikiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_strong_password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wikidb.* TO 'wikiuser'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ```

Replace `'your_strong_password'` with a secure password. Limit the user to `localhost` access if MediaWiki and MySQL are on the same server for security. For remote access, change `'localhost'` to the appropriate IP address or `%` for any host (not recommended). Refer to MySQL Security for further security best practices.

Configuration Settings

The following MySQL settings significantly impact MediaWiki performance. These should be adjusted in your `my.cnf` (or `my.ini` on Windows) file. The location of this file varies depending on your operating system and MySQL installation. Common locations include `/etc/mysql/my.cnf`, `/etc/my.cnf`, or `/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf`. Always back up your configuration file before making changes.

Key Configuration Parameters

Here's a table outlining recommended settings. Adjust these based on your server's resources and anticipated load.

Parameter Description Recommended Value Notes
`innodb_buffer_pool_size` The size of the buffer pool used by the InnoDB storage engine. This is the most important setting for InnoDB performance. 50-80% of available RAM Increase this value as much as possible without causing swapping.
`innodb_log_file_size` The size of each InnoDB log file. Larger log files reduce the frequency of checkpoints. 256M - 1G Adjust based on write activity; larger values require longer recovery times.
`innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit` Controls how often InnoDB flushes the log buffer to disk. 1 0 is fastest, but least durable. 2 is a compromise. 1 is slowest, but most durable.
`key_buffer_size` The size of the buffer used for MyISAM key blocks. (Less relevant if primarily using InnoDB) 16M - 64M If using MyISAM tables, increase this.
`max_connections` The maximum number of simultaneous client connections allowed. 150 - 500 Increase if you expect a high number of concurrent users.
`query_cache_size` The size of the query cache. (Deprecated in MySQL 8.0) 0 (or disabled in 8.0) The query cache can be detrimental to performance; disable it if using MySQL 8.0 or if contention is high.

Character Set and Collation

It's essential to use `utf8mb4` as the character set and `utf8mb4_unicode_ci` as the collation for your database, tables, and connection. This supports a wider range of characters, including emojis. Ensure this is set during database creation (as shown above) and also configured in your MediaWiki `LocalSettings.php` file. Refer to Character Sets for more details.

Table Character Set Verification

You can verify the character set and collation of your tables using the following SQL query:

```sql SHOW CREATE TABLE mytable; ```

Replace `mytable` with the name of your table. If the character set or collation is incorrect, you can alter the table:

```sql ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; ```

InnoDB Tuning

InnoDB is the recommended storage engine for MediaWiki. Properly tuning InnoDB is critical for performance.

InnoDB Status Monitoring

Use the following command to view InnoDB status information:

```sql SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS; ```

This provides valuable insights into buffer pool usage, log activity, and other important metrics. Pay attention to the "Buffer pool hit rate" – a high hit rate (above 99%) indicates efficient buffer pool usage. See InnoDB Monitoring for more detailed analysis.

InnoDB Configuration Detail

Parameter Description Recommended Value Notes
`innodb_file_per_table` Enables storing each InnoDB table in a separate file. ON Recommended for easier maintenance and backup.
`innodb_io_capacity` The number of I/O operations InnoDB can perform per second. 200-2000 Adjust based on your disk's capabilities. SSDs support higher values.
`innodb_flush_method` Controls how InnoDB flushes data to disk. O_DIRECT Can improve performance, especially with SSDs.

MediaWiki Specific Considerations

  • **Large Tables:** As your wiki grows, tables like `recentchanges` and `page` can become very large. Consider using partitioning or archiving strategies to manage these tables. Refer to MediaWiki Performance for more advanced techniques.
  • **Caching:** Utilize MediaWiki's built-in caching mechanisms (e.g., Memcached, APCu) to reduce database load. See MediaWiki Caching.
  • **Regular Maintenance:** Perform regular database maintenance tasks such as `OPTIMIZE TABLE` and `ANALYZE TABLE` to improve performance. See Database Maintenance.

Troubleshooting

  • **Slow Queries:** Use the MySQL slow query log to identify and optimize poorly performing queries. See MySQL Slow Query Log.
  • **Connection Issues:** Check the MySQL error log for connection errors.
  • **Resource Constraints:** Monitor server resources (CPU, memory, disk I/O) to identify bottlenecks.

Further Reading


Intel-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Core i7-6700K/7700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 512 GB CPU Benchmark: 8046
Core i7-8700 Server 64 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2x1 TB CPU Benchmark: 13124
Core i9-9900K Server 128 GB DDR4, NVMe SSD 2 x 1 TB CPU Benchmark: 49969
Core i9-13900 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i9-13900 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (64GB) 64 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Server (128GB) 128 GB RAM, 2x500 GB NVMe SSD
Core i5-13500 Workstation 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2 NVMe SSD, NVIDIA RTX 4000

AMD-Based Server Configurations

Configuration Specifications Benchmark
Ryzen 5 3600 Server 64 GB RAM, 2x480 GB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 17849
Ryzen 7 7700 Server 64 GB DDR5 RAM, 2x1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 35224
Ryzen 9 5950X Server 128 GB RAM, 2x4 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 46045
Ryzen 9 7950X Server 128 GB DDR5 ECC, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 63561
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/1TB) 128 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/2TB) 128 GB RAM, 2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (128GB/4TB) 128 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/1TB) 256 GB RAM, 1 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 7502P Server (256GB/4TB) 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe CPU Benchmark: 48021
EPYC 9454P Server 256 GB RAM, 2x2 TB NVMe

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⚠️ *Note: All benchmark scores are approximate and may vary based on configuration. Server availability subject to stock.* ⚠️

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